The regime is unlikely to become more welcoming of political dissent while Lukashenka is in power

Lukashenka won a fifth term in office by a landslide on October 11 in an election that could see an easing of relations with the West and raise questions about his ties to Vladimir Putin's Russia.

Lukashenka's reelection five years ago led to mass protests and the imprisonment of leading opposition figures, but support for his 20-year-old regime has risen since he cast himself as a guarantor of stability in the face of an economic crisis and a pro-Russian separatist conflict in neighbouring Ukraine.

The West has long ostracised Lukashenka's Belarus, described in 2005 by US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice as "Europe's last dictatorship", over its human rights record and clampdown on political dissent. It has imposed economic sanctions on some Belarusian officials and companies.

Nevertheless, his criticism of Russia's annexation of Ukraine's Crimea peninsula last year, his hosting of Ukraine peace talks and his pardoning of the six opposition leaders in August suggest he is seeking to improve his image in the West, observers say.

"We have carried out everything the West wanted on the eve of the elections. If there is a desire in the West to improve our relations, nobody and nothing can prevent that," Lukashenka said as he cast his vote.

"The ball is now firmly in the West's court," he said.

Ukraine's central election commission said that Lukashenka won 83.5% of the vote, slightly more than the 80% support registered in the 2010 elections, the head of the central election commission said in a briefing late yesterday (11 October).

Around 6.5% voted against all candidates on the ballot, according to the commission.

Ties with Russia

Relations with former Soviet master Moscow have shown some signs of strain. In September, President Vladimir Putin approved a plan to build an airbase in Belarus, but early this month, Lukashenka said his country had no need for such a base, appearing to bow to public protests on the eve of the election.

The European Union will lift its sanctions on Belarus, including those on Lukashenka, for four months after Sunday's vote, barring any last-minute crackdown, diplomatic sources said on Friday.

Previous elections in Belarus were considered unfair by Western observers and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), which monitored Sunday's vote, said in September that the ballot represented a "pivotal moment" for Belarus to demonstrate a willingness to hold free and fair elections.

The OSCE will present a report on their election monitoring on Monday (12 October), after which Brussels will release a formal statement, a EU spokesman said.

The lifting of EU sanctions would be welcome to Belarus, whose economy has been battered this year by a slump in the currency of Russia, a key trading partner and source of remittances from migrant workers.

None of the three candidates running against Lukashenka in Sunday's poll represent a serious challenge to his rule, and opposition figures have called for a boycott of the election.

"Lukashenka and his system is a dead-end. There is no choice, but there is the choice not to be a sheep," said Anatoly Liabedzka, a leading opposition figure at an anti-government rally on Saturday (10 October) that attracted a crowd in the low hundreds.

Some of those who voted on Sunday did not express much faith in the political process. "I voted because it is the duty of every citizen ... What good is there in this country? They spin their lies and we pretend that we believe them," 68-year-old pensioner Aliaksandr said, declining to give his last name.

While the president has been making some conciliatory gestures towards the opposition in recent months, it is unlikely the regime will become more welcoming of political dissent while Lukashenka remains in power.

The article was originally published at EurActiv